Что такое submachine gun

Обновлено: 30.06.2024

In the early 20th century , experiments were made by converting stocked pistol from semi to fully automatic. Stocked automatic weapons firing pistol rounds were developed around the same time during WWI, by Italy, Germany, and the United States. The first dedicated designs were developed in the latter stages of World War I both as improvements on earlier stocked pistols, and to offer an advantage in trench warfare.

They were popularized in the 1920s and '30s as weapon of choice of American gangsters and police, in the form of the famous Thompson submachine gun, commonly referred to as the "Tommy Gun". Submachine guns rose to prominence as a frontline close-quarters combat weapon and commando firearm during World War II. They are now widely used by police, SWAT, military commando, paramilitary, and counter-terror team members for a variety of situations. Submachine guns are highly effective in close quarters; their lower-powered pistol cartridges make them generally more controllable in fully-automatic fire compared to assault rifles, while their small size and light weight grant maneuverability. However, pistol cartridges generally have low effectiveness against targets protected by body armor or cover, and are short-ranged compared to intermediate and rifle cartridges.

19th century to 1920

The first automatic weapon to fire a pistol round was a scaled-down version of the Maxim machine gun, used for demonstrations in marketing the Maxim in the late 19th century, especially when a full-sized firing range was not available. First-generation submachine guns were characterized by machined metal parts, Blowback designs with the bolt directly behind the barrel. The submachine gun appeared during the later stages of World War I. It first saw action in trench warfare where grenades , pistols, sharpened entrenching tools, improvised clubs, and bayonets were commonly employed.

The Italians developed the Villar Perosa , introducing it in 1915. It fired pistol calibre 9 mm Glisenti ammunition, but wasn't a submachine gun in the sense that the weapon type would later be defined, as it couldn't be fired from shoulder and without support. Originally developed as an aircraft weapon, it also saw some use by infantry as a light machine gun. This odd design was eventually modified to become a traditional submachine gun, the OVP 1918 that evolved into the pistols, equipped with larger capacity "snail" Thompson submachine guns had been in development at approximately the same time as the Bergman and Beretta, but development was put on hold in 1917, when the US and the weapon's designer (Thompson) entered the war. The design was completed afterwards and used a different internal system from the MP18 or Beretta, but it had missed its chance to be the first purpose-designed submachine gun to enter service. It would however go on to serve as the basis for later weapons and have the longest active service life of the three.

1920 to 1950

America and its allies used the Thompson submachine gun, especially the simplified M1 version that was not machined to accept the drum magazine. Because the Thompson was still expensive to produce, the M3 "Grease Gun" was adopted in 1942, followed by the slightly improved M3A1 in 1944. The M3 was not necessarily more effective, but was made primarily of stamped parts and so could be produced with a fraction of the expense and time of the Thompson. It could be configured to fire either M1911 pistol also fired, or the Finland had developed the M/31 Suomi before the Winter War in which it saw much use. The weapon fired 9 mm Parabellum rounds from a drum magazine with the capacity of 70 (although often loaded with up to 74). Although America used box magazines in the Thompson, and Russians carried only a few drum magazines (usually one drum, if any, and remaining ammunition as box magazines), the Suomi was mostly deployed with drums. They were also less prone to jamming than the box or "casket" magazines developed for the weapon. The weapon was used until the end of Lapland war, and in peacetime service, to the late 1970s.

1950 to present

Submachine guns lend themselves to moderation with Heckler & KochMP5 have been manufactured with integral suppressors, and such weapons are on occasion used by special forces and police units. After the Korean War, the role of submachine guns in military applications was gradually diminished. Both submachine guns and battle rifles were supplanted by the new assault rifles, such as the carbines and shortened assault rifles. The dominance of submachine guns in law enforcement tactical operations has been diminished by new developments since the 1990s. Factors such as the wide availability of assault rifles and carbines and the increasing use of body armor have combined to limit the appeal of submachine guns to government agencies. Assault rifles and carbines have been supplementing submachine guns in some roles. However, assault rifles are not a complete replacement, since they are generally heavier, have greater muzzle blast, more recoil, and may be likely to overpenetrate due to their use of rifle rounds.

During the Apartheid era, the Rhodesian and South African governments supplied some citizens with modified submachine guns which were known as Land Defence Pistols (LDP) such as the Sanna 77 , loosely based on the Czech CZ Model 25 . LDPs sold to civilians were basically submachine guns capable of semi-automatic fire only, similar to assault pistols.

Also touted as a further evolution of the submachine gun is the personal defense weapon (PDW), a machine pistol -like weapon which fires armor-piercing pistol cartridges. The PDW is similar in operation to submachine guns and is often considered as such. However, the PDW's specialized ammunition is incompatible with common pistol and rifle rounds, and it is less effective than rifle rounds against unarmored targets. [citation needed] The trend in modern submachine guns had been toward lighter, smaller weapons utilizing plastics to a greater degree. ==

Legal ownership by civilians

Private ownership of submachine guns is illegal in most nations, but there are a few notable exceptions, including the following:

Civilian ownership of submachine guns is regulated by the Ministry of the Interior, which classifies such weapons as Category A (Restricted Firearms and Accessories) under the provisions of Act 119 of 2002. [3] In addition to a valid gun license, the prospective civilian owner must obtain a Category A Exemption from a local police agency and demonstrate the reason for owning a submachine gun, e.g. a legitimate firearms collection.

The Firearms Act of 1998 (amended in 2001) outlawed possession of submachine guns by the general public, although licensed collectors in good standing can obtain permits for older submachine guns from the Gaming and Weapons Administration. Police must verify that the collector is able to store the gun securely to discourage theft. [4] Deactivated and replica submachine guns are legal for historical re-enactment and plays.

Civilian gun licenses in Pakistan vary considerably in terms of region and class of firearm. Local police agencies can issue permits for submachine guns that are only legal in the state in which they are issued, although a license issued by the Prime Minister will allow the gun in question to be transported anywhere in the country. There are complaints that the licensing process has become too politicized. [5]

Submachine guns may only be owned by licensed collectors, but cannot be fired in full-automatic mode. Civilians may purchase semi-automatic versions of such firearms.

Civilian ownership of submachine guns is regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives under the provisions of the National Firearms Act of 1934 as amended by Title II of the Gun Control Act of 1968. In addition, the Firearms Owners' Protection Act of 1986 outlawed the manufacture of submachine guns for the civilian market and currently limits legal ownership to units produced and properly registered with the BATFE before May 1986. Some states enforce their own laws regulating or forbidding civilian possession of submachine guns. Civilians may purchase semi-automatic versions of such firearms without requiring NFA clearance, although some states (including California and New Jersey) enforce their own restrictions on such weapons.

submachine gun

submachine gun — ☆ submachine gun [sub΄mə shən′ ] n. a portable, automatic or semiautomatic firearm with a stock and a short barrel, taking pistol ammunition and fired from the shoulder or hip … English World dictionary

submachine gun — UK [ˌsʌbməˈʃiːn ˌɡʌn] / US [ˌsʌbməˈʃɪn ˌɡʌn] noun [countable] Word forms submachine gun : singular submachine gun plural submachine guns a light machine gun that you hold against your hip or your shoulder when shooting … English dictionary

submachine gun — noun machine gun that is a portable automatic firearm (Freq. 2) • Hypernyms: ↑machine gun • Hyponyms: ↑Bren, ↑Bren gun, ↑burp gun, ↑machine pistol, ↑Kalashnikov, ↑ … Useful english dictionary

submachine gun — sub|ma|chine gun [ˌsʌbməˈʃi:n gʌn] n a type of ↑machine gun that is light and easily moved … Dictionary of contemporary English

submachine gun — sub|ma|chine gun [ ,sʌbmə ʃin ,gʌn ] noun count a light MACHINE GUN that you hold against your HIP or your shoulder when shooting … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

submachine gun — subÂ·ma chine gun || â€šsÊŒbmÉ™ ÊƒÉªËn n. light automatic gun … English contemporary dictionary

submachine-gun

submachine gun — sub|ma|chine gun [ˌsʌbməˈʃi:n gʌn] n a type of ↑machine gun that is light and easily moved … Dictionary of contemporary English

submachine gun — subÂ·ma chine gun || â€šsÊŒbmÉ™ ÊƒÉªËn n. light automatic gun … English contemporary dictionary

Перевод "submachine gun" на русский

These include the M1 Garand, Thompson submachine gun, M1911 pistol, and bazooka.

В игре представлено реальное вооружение тех времён, такое как M1 Garand, Пистолет-пулемёт Томпсона, M1911, Базука и многое другое.

License for weapons in 1988, bought the branch of FAU, which modernized the Thompson submachine gun in model 2.

Лицензию на оружие в 1988 году выкупил филиал FAU, который модернизировал пистолет-пулемёт в модель 2.

PATTERSON: Track down Darvany Jennings, find out who gave her son a submachine gun.

Отыщите Дарвани Дженнингс, выясните, кто дал её сыну автомат.

Said the guy had a submachine gun and a grenade launcher.

I grabbed a submachine gun when those guys were after you

The FAMAE SAF is a submachine gun produced since 1993 by FAMAE (Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército), the Chilean government small arms factory.

FAMAE SAF - чилийский пистолет-пулемёт производства «FAMAE» (исп. Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército), выпущенный в 1993 году.

Witnesses say the masked man armed with a thompson submachine gun

Свидетели говорят он был в маске вооружённый автоматом Томпсона

The Uru is a submachine gun made by the production firm Mekanika in 1977 for the Brazilian Army and Police Forces.

Уру 2 - пистолет-пулемёт, изготовленный на основе модели 1, созданной фирмой Mekanika в 1974 году и внедренной в производство в 1977 году для армии и полиции Бразилии.

Players are able to customize their weapons, such as adding a telescopic sight to a M1 Garand rifle and a drum magazine for a Thompson submachine gun, although these upgrades are only available on certain levels.

Игрок может изменять своё оружие, например прикрепить оптический прицел к винтовке M1 или барабанный магазин к пистолет-пулемёт Томпсона, хотя эти улучшения доступны лишь на определённых уровнях.

Sheriff, you have any idea what a Thompson submachine gun does to "immortal"?

Шериф, вы хоть представляете, что автомат Томпсона делает с "бессмертными"?

However, they also used small arms of U.S. manufacture (such as the. M1 Thompson submachine gun), along with British, French, and German weapons came from neighboring countries sympathetic to the rebellion.

Тем не менее, они также использовали стрелковое оружие производства США (например, пистолет-пулемёт. M1 Thompson) вместе с британским, французским и немецким оружием они поставлялись из соседних стран, сочувствующих мятежу.

What the hell do you think I've got in here, a submachine gun?

The word weapon means "any firearm of any kind whatsoever and any component or spare part relating to such weapon; this definition covers all types of rifle, pistol and submachine gun".

Слово оружие означает «любое огнестрельное оружие, независимо от его типа, и любой относящийся к этому оружию компонент; данное определение охватывает все виды ружей, пистолетов и автоматов».

The Modern Sub Machine Carbine (MSMC) is an Indian submachine gun designed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment and manufactured by Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli of the Ordnance Factories Board.

Modern Sub Machine Carbine (англ. Современный пистолет-пулемёт), сокращённо MSMC - индийский пистолет-пулемёт, разработанный Armament Research and Development Establishment и производящийся Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli из Ordnance Factories Board.

We got one submachine gun - and you're going to like this.

The Owen Gun is a 9mm Parabellum Australian submachine gun designed by Evelyn Owen in 1939.

Автоматический карабин Оуэна, Оуэн (англ. Owen Machine Carbine) - австралийский пистолет-пулемёт, спроектированный Эвелином Оуэном (англ. Evelyn "Evo" Owen) в 1939 году.

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