Soviet union что это
Обновлено: 05.07.2024
History
Georgy Malenkov (1953 - 1988)
In March of 1953, Josef Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union died. A power struggle begins within the Communist Party to replace Stalin as the new leaders. Georgy Malenkov, Lavrentiy Beria and Vyacheslav Molotov formed a trioka to resist their main competitor for the position of leadership, Nikita Khrushchev. In order to appease the public, the trio decided to lighten media censorship and a mass prison release. Meanwhile, Malenkov Beria who continues to pray on the people of Moscow.
New Socialist Program (1956)
On 7 May 1956, Malenkov introduced the New Socalist Platform (NSP) to restructure the Soviet economy around the civilian industry and technological advancements at home. Previously, the economy is still dedicated military production and scientists constantly finding new ways to defend the USSR from foreign invasions. Malenkov's NSP drastically reduced the budget spend on military and diverted the funds to other sectors, most importantly in the development of infrastructures in rural and urban areas. Though controversial at the time, the NSP proved to be a right choice as the west continues to spend massive amount of money on the military. The NSP was proved to be successful in the years ahead and became one of the greatest acheivement in Malenkov's life.
Krushchev's coup (1959)
Despite the formation of the trioka, Krushchev still have a significant amount of supports within the party mainly the militarists, reformists and plutocrats known to Malenkov's supporters as 'Anti-Party Faction'. Krushchev opposed the NSP believing it would be fatal for the Soviet Union and opposed the influence of KGB Chairman, Beria, within the trioka and the slow liberalisation of the Soviet economy. As a high ranking official within the CPSU, his words weighs a lot and Beria feared that his secrets may leak out because of him. Using his position as the head of the KGB, Beria began a campaign to scrutinize Krushchev and his allies and ruining their reputation. In response, Krushchev decided to act. In 1959, he gathered his supporters at the Presidium. They proposed that Malenkov resign from his position and the promotion of Krushchev to the position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers. The Presidium was not supportive of this action and was voted down in a narrow 6 to 5. Following this attempt, the 'Anti-Party Faction' were expelled from the party and Krushchev trialed for treason and executed.
Space Speech (1958)
Prior to Krushchev's coup, the space race began in 1955 between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Soviet Union launched the first successful satellite into orbit in 1957. Across the sea, many American politicans wanted to launch a spacecraft, landing on the moon and also exploring the other planets of the solar systems. Similar thoughts were also expressed in the Soviet Union but Malenkov did not have simialr enthusiasm. In a speech during the 1958 CPSU Congress, Malenkov have stated that the Soviet Union would continue development in space but would not spend limited funds on space exploration unlike that of the United States. Rather than exploring space, the Soviet would use satellites for the economic development of the country instead and to secure the borders of the union. It was yet again proven to be a smart move as the United States took over a decade and billions of dollars to land on the moon in 1971.
Shanghai Summit (1960)
The Shanghai Summit was held by the People's Republic of China in Shanghai in February 1960 and was attended by leaders from the Soviet Union, Korea , Mongolia and Cuban Missile Crisis (1961)
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 22-days confrontation between the United States of America and the Soviet Union resulting in a Soviet victory. In March, the new Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, have requested for the Soviets to station nuclear weapons on Cuba to defend from the Americans and began contruction of missile launch facilities on the island later in Summer. The US was quick to notice and began a military blockade of the island and ordered Soviet that are on it's way back to the Soviet Union. After tense negotiations, US Secretary of State, William Rogers, attempted to subvert the President's authority for a Haitian-backed coup against the communists in Cuba. Rogers was subsequently fired in the last days of the confrontation. President Nixon was called a communist sympathiser and conceded to Soviet demands to move American missiles out of Turkey and Italy while the USSR would be able to keep half of Soviet missiles in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis gave the USSR an edge which would last another decade.
1963 Economic Report (1963)
In the 1963 economic report, the NSP have been proven to be a successful plan and saw an economic upswing in the Soviet Union. The 1963 gave Malenkov further support from the general population particularly in Russia SFSR. The report was a victory for Malenkov and also a victory for the technocratic faction within the Gosplan, the agency responsible for the centralised planned economy in the USSR, who supported such reforms. The report paved way for further economic reforms under Malenkov.
Beria's coup (1964)
Malenkov have also started the reshuffling of the Politburo with old members replaced with younger ones which promoted Malenkov's position within the party. Beria was strongly opposed to this decision and feared that he was to be removing the trioka as well. In 1964, Beria launched his own coup attempt officially disbanding the trioka. Malenkov managed to defeat Beria and he was publically shamed before executed the same year. Meanwhile, Molotov continues to be a devoted and loyal supporter of Malenkov.
Great Freeze (1964 - 1973)
Following Krushchev and Beria's coup, Malenkov decided to further consolidate his power within the Soviet Union known as the Great Freeze. Hardline social reforms were placed during this time and the state began to limit the freedom of speech and press which Malenkov provided in the earlier years of his leadership. He also began a brutal consolidation of power within the Communist Party. Although the late 1960s were the start of the Great Freeze, the peak was in 1971 following the 1966 Tashkent Earthquake (1966)
On 26 April 1966, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake shook the capital city of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. About 80% of the densly populated city was destroyed and over half of it's old cities were destroyed. Between 15 to 5500 people lost their life in the earthquake and rendered thousands of the city's inhabitants as homeless. The Soviet government knew to act fast and Moscow seized the opportunity to rebuild the city in the Soviet's vision. Construction workers were sent to Tashkent and displaced families stayed in temperory lodges while plans for a new Tashkent was being drawn up in Moscow. The city would be defined with wide boulevard and large-scale, earthquake resistance highrises as a showcase to the Soviet people what the country would bring. However, much of it's ancient architectures and history were destroyed including the almost 600 years old Dzhuma Mosque. Nevertheless, the new Tashkent became the model for future Soviet city planning. With a great emphasize on modernist architecture and, for the first time, a greater emphasize on individual than collective apartments on request of the Brezhnevite faction within the CPSU which continues to grow in strength up until Malenkov's death.
Positive Foreign Policy and Suprise Detente (1973 - 1975)
The preiod known as the Great Freeze ended in 1973 and a new age began to start in the Soviet Union as political and cultural restrictions were lifted. The Soviet Union began a persuit of a 'Positive Foreign Policy' where the Soviet Union established a more friendly relations with capitalist Western European nations and third world countries. This greatly alarmed the United States which the Soviet Union did to hesitate to pursue better relations. The period was known as a Suprise Detente and the two governments arranged meetings to improve relations and the two even agreed to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) treaty on 26 December 1974 which limited the nuclear arsenal of both nations. The Detente came to an end in 1975 following the Spanish Crisis when tensions in Europe reached all time high.
Grigory Romanov (1988 - 1993)
In January of 1988, Geogry Malenkov dies and was succeeded by Grigory Romanov. He was supported from the Young Stalinist, a Stalinist faction within the Komsomol which rose to prominence in the 1980s prior to Malenkov's deaths. Young Stalin was later purged in 1996 following Romanov's death. Romanov also began ethnic reshuffling across the Soviet Union most evident was in Moldova SSR where Russians managed to gain a plurality within the SSR and the Moldovans became the minority. In 1992, Romanov also proclaimed victory against the capitalist powers in response to the collapse of the United States 6 years ago in 1987. The Soviet flag is also changed.
Dmitry Yazov (1993 - )
In 1993, Romanov's rule ended abruptly after an assassination. The Politburo elected Dmitry Yazov as a more conservative leader for the Soviet Union and a member of the Military Clique within the Communist Party. In the Late 1990s, the question of the OGAS came to an end and the final decision was not to be implemented into the Soviet Union in any form dur to the concern of cost. However, there are still support for the return of the OGAS.
Yazov's conservative rule maintained the status quo and did not want major changes. This resulted in economic stagnation within the Soviet Union and the previous ethnic reshuffling led to resentment among the population in the SSRs. Most prominently within Ukraine and Armenia who rebelled in 2002 and 2008 respectively. The Ukrainian rebellion in 2002 was a major rebellion but the Red Army was successful in quelling the rebellion and forcing the rebels to hide underground while in Armenia in 2008, the rebels were brutally crushed. Following the Ukrainian rebellion, Politics
Перевод и значение SOVIET UNION в английском и русском языках
transcription, транскрипция: [ ʹsəʋvıətʹju:nıən ]
Советский Союз; см. Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS
Англо-Русско-Английский словарь общей лексики, сборник из лучших словарей. English-Russian-English dictionary of general lexis, the collection of the best dictionaries. 2012
Еще значения слова и перевод SOVIET UNION с английского на русский язык в англо-русских словарях и с русского на английский язык в русско-английских словарях.
More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for the word «SOVIET UNION» in dictionaries.
Soviet Union
Soviet Union — Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques Pour les articles homonymes, voir RSS et Soviétique. Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques Союз Советских Социалистических Республик … Wikipédia en Français
Soviet Union — UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS: also Soviet Russia * * * … Universalium
Soviet Union — UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS: also Soviet Russia … English World dictionary
Soviet Union — informal name of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; in use in U.S. newspapers by October 1919 … Etymology dictionary
Soviet Union — USSR and CCCP redirect here. For other uses, see USSR (disambiguation) and CCCP (disambiguation). Soviet redirects here. For the term itself, see Soviet (council). For other uses, see Soviet (disambiguation). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics … Wikipedia
Soviet Union — See Dissolution of the Soviet Union … Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation
The Fall of the Russian Empire [ ]
During WWI, Tsar Nicholas was busy commanding the remaining Russian Soldiers against the Germans meanwhile on March 8th 1917, Women and Men went to the streets of Petrograd and began holding mass Riots and protests, they demanded and end to the War, an end to food rationing and an end to the Tsar Autocracy, High ranking officers commanded the Russian Army to deal with the protests, however the Russian Soldiers began rioting against them and joined the crowd against the protests, during the riots the workers established the Petrograd Soviets and started arresting the Tsar's head politicians, meanwhile in the trenches Nicholas was getting worried because he thought something had happened in Petrograd, and so hopped the next train to Petrograd however he never made all the way there, former politicians and high ranking generals stopped him before he could make it. The Liberals convinced Nicholas to abdicate as it would make the people calm down, not to mention they are still fighting a expensive war against Germany, and with his family held firmly with the Provisional Government and the military no longer on his side, Nicholas was forced to abdicate.
Conflicts [ ]
The Soviet Union were participating in the following events:
During the invasion of Poland Hitler decided to ally Stalin to help invade poland knowing they he could not find both ends of the fronts, Stalin agrees with hitler and the new alliance has stun the west, the invasion of Poland begins in 1939, poland was no chance against the 2 giants crashing down on them and eventually fell, during 1941 the Nazi Germans decided it was eventually time to betray the Soviet Union, they blasted through the soviets with ease almost reaching Moscow until the Russia's good friend the winter decided to come by, Hitler was hoping that the russians would have surrendered by then but they didn't, and that made Hitler on Edge the entire time, they're men had no winter supplies meaning they had to burrow down and wait for the winter to end. while this was happening Stalin was ramping up the factory process, producing Tanks, aircraft and infantry and during the invasion that literally everyone expected the russians began blasting right back. the cold starving german soldiers were not expecting an attack in the winter and ultimately got destroyed, pushing the Germans all the way back to Berlin.
Total Casualties: 75 million
Winter War [ ]
During this time, just after WWII had started, Russia decided to get back on Finland. On 1939 Russia declares war on Finland to regain the lost land in WWI. the war lasted for 3 months until negotiation terms were set in Moscow. the Moscow Treaty had been formed and Finland and Russia were at peace, Finland Ceded (Give Up) 11% of their land to Russia, this overall was in victory for the Russians.
Total Casualties: 70 thousand
Chinese Civil War [ ]
Chinese Protests in 1937
Disruptions in China begin and the people are unsettled, The current Chinese Government had failed the standards of the people and a communist revolution begins. On the North are the Chinese Communist Party, and on the south are the Republic of China, they manage to settle a agreement as the Chinese are still fighting against the Japanese in WWII, however after the atomic bombs were released on Hiroshima and nagasaki and Japan sued for peace, the taken chinese land that the Japanese occupied were given to the Republic Of China, of course the Communist Party of china thought this was really uncool, so they CCP went to there good friend russia to see if they could help spread the communist influence, the Russian's in turn provided the CCP with military equipment, Advanced Training Programs and Artillery. with the unexpected revolution and timing of it the Republic Of China got wrecked, the ROC fled to Taiwan and negotiated peace treaties.
Total Casualties: 2.5 million (including civilians)
The Cold War [ ]
After the events of WWII, Russia occupied the German invaded countries, America, The UK and the Soviet Union were discussing war, financial things, all the leaders arrived at berlin to discuss treaties and other things. after the berlin discussion Stalin made the occupied countries and turned them into Communist Republics, This infuriated the US as the USSR were attempting to spread the communism into the west, and tensions began to rise in the West and East, with this America provided a 20 billion economic aid program to countries that suffered after the events of WWII, this is when the Iron Curtain be fell in the Western and Eastern Countries, a battle of Capitalism Vs Communism. then hit finally hit Stalin, that if the Western Countries were developing faster and economically faster then the Eastern Countries, the spread of Communism would halt and the USSR would fall.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик) is a federal socialist state spanning from Europe to Asia founded in 1922. Nominally a union of socialist republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralized with it's capital being Moscow. It is a one-party communist state led by Dmitry Yazov. After defeating the United States of America in the cold war in 1987, it is now the most powerful country in the world.
The Soviet Union borders Czechoslovakia , China , Mongolia and Korea in East Asia, Afghanistan ,
Contents
Creation of the Soviet Union [ ]
After the Tsar Abdicated and the riots finally settled down they was needed for a new government, The Provisional Government suggested that they would have all the power however the Soviets was already established, and since neither side bothered to ask each other they ended with a dual power. the 2 governments co-existed with each other, with the Provisional Government becoming the official government, and the Soviets issuing orders to the citizens and soldiers, this was delicate and all it took was a bold communist revolutionist to break it all, Vladimir Lenin was still in exile in the west, the germans thought of the genius idea of sending Lenin back to Russia so he could wreak havoc on the country, when Lenin arrived back to Russia he obviously wasn't happy about the new reforms, Lenin and his other team of Bolsheviks decided to create a new slogan that would get the people on his side, he also called for all power given to the Soviets. the Provisional decided to get Russia out of the war, and the Minister of Defense Alexander Kerensky decided that instead instead of negotiating with the Germans they instead would try to get more Russian victories, so the people would support the new government, and of course you know how well that went, the economy was even worse and the people decided to riot, Kerensky decided to call in the military and Petrograd had seen some of the worst violence ever. The people demanded that all power would be given to the Soviets, and Kerensky now the Prime Minister, decided to crack down on the Bolsheviks. The Soviet politicians were arrested and Lenin was forced back to hiding in Finland. Kerensky finally dealt with the violence. However, the increasing popularity for the Soviets began to make him incredibly unpopular, so Kerensky decide to promote General Kornilov to Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. However, Kornilov hated the Socialist and Liberal-ist reforms to the country. Kornilov Attempted to march into Petrograd and attempted to take over the current government.
Contents
Soviet Union
Who wants to start a revolution?
-Vladimir Lenin the former Premier of the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Cyrillic Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик) (Translation: Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik), more commonly known as the Soviet Union or the USSR is a former country (replaced by Modern Russia) located east of Europe. It is bordered by Finland, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, and Hungary to the west, Turkey and Iran to the southwest, Afghanistan to the south, and Mongolia, China and North Korea to the southeast. The formable is one of a few countries that span multiple continents, along with the historical European and Middle Eastern empires.
Communism Definition [ ]
To put it simple, Communism is a more advanced version of Socialism, instead of the government or the nobility reaping all the economic growth and money like Capitalism or Democracy, its shared among the population and Country, all though limiting the government taxation laws and basic billing however it does wonders in aiding the economy and military.
The Sphere of Influence [ ]
After the events of World War 2, The land russia was given to take charge, they instead turned them into Communist puppet states and of course developing slower than other western side of countries as they were getting economic aid from Capitalist America, of course the Soviet Union Obviously wanting to keep the ideologies away from the Western countries as Capitalist influence was starting to affect the countries economically as they were not developing as fast, meaning while in the Southern Asian countries the USSR were attempting to create more Communist countries, such as the Korean War, Chinese Civil War and the Vietnam War.
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